'G factor' for intelligence, similar to what is found in humans, may exist in dogs. ELTE researchers conducted a study on 129 family dogs to explore the structure of canine cognitive abilities.

They used a series of seven tasks over two and a half years to assess different cognitive domains in dogs aged three to fifteen. The study revealed a hierarchical structure in canine cognition with two broad domains: independent problem-solving and learning ability.

Researchers found evidence of a higher-order 'canine g factor' that correlates with better performance across cognitive tasks.