Carolina azolla, a fast-growing aquatic fern, could be a vital food source post-catastrophe and alleviate food insecurity. The plant can double its biomass in two days, fix nitrogen from the air, and is usable as poultry and livestock feed.

The study led by Penn State researchers found that Carolina azolla is more digestible and nutritious for human consumption than other varieties. It has a low polyphenolic content compared to other azolla species, which enhances its digestibility after cooking.

The total phenolic content of Carolina azolla is about 4.26 grams per kilogram dry weight, which is within the range of many fruits, beans, and nuts.