Epicurus is recognized as the first philosopher to champion happiness as the ultimate goal, distinguishing himself from predecessors who focused on virtue. Epicurus, known for his hedonistic perspective, believed pleasure was central to achieving happiness, despite common misconceptions about what hedonism entails.

Coming from a middle-class background, unlike his aristocratic contemporaries, Epicurus's perspective might resonate with modern views on pursuing happiness and comfort. In Athens, he established a philosophical community known as The Garden, advocating for a self-sufficient, simple life centered around friendship, which he deeply valued.

Epicurus introduced the concept of 'ataraxia', a state of freedom from pain, and developed the 'Tetrapharmakos', a four-part cure to achieve happiness.